Background: OXIDIZED low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis, can cause endothelial dysfunction and augment lipid accumulation within the arterial wall. Increased oxidative stress in diabetes contributes to this process. Ox-LDL is a highly immunogenic molecule and it is not clear whether anti OXIDIZED LDL antibodies (OLAB) are pathogenic or protective in atherosclerosis? The aim of this study was to evaluate Ox-LDL and its antibody in type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects.Methods: As a case-control study we evaluated 81 type 2 diabetic patients and 69 non-diabetic healthy persons aged 40 to 65 years. Controls were sex and BMI matched with diabetic patients.Patients with history of cigarette smoking, antioxidant or antihyperlipidemic drugs consumption, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and renal impairment were excluded. We measured serum level of Ox-LDL (two monoclonal antibody of Mercodia co.) and OLAB by ELISA. Lipid profile, serum electrolytes, and HbA1c (HPLC) were also determined. Ox-LDL and its antibody were compared between diabetic patients and controls and the correlation with lipid profile, HbA1c and BMI were assessed.Results: Serum Ox-LDL concentration and Ox-LDL to LDL ratio were distinctively higher in controls (15.7+-6.9 vs. 11.8+-5.6, P<0.005). Ox-LDL concentrations were correlated with LDL-C (rs=0.36, P<0.0005) and total cholesterol (rs=0.31, P<0.0005) in both groups but not with age and HbA1c. In diabetic patients, Ox-LDL and its antibody were positively correlated (rs=0.26, P<0.05).Obese diabetic patients (BMI > 30) had higher Ox-LDL concentrations in comparison with diabetic patients with BMI less than 30.Conclusion: In diabetic patients Ox-LDL level is lower than non-diabetics and is correlated with its antibodies. Based on previous findings, we suppose that the pattern of LDL oxidation enhances Ox- LDL recognition by macrophage via specific legends. This results in low serum Ox-LDL concentrations in diabetes.

Background: There is growing evidence that supports OXIDIZED LDL particles may have an ability to inhibit osteoblastic activity, and increase osteoclastic activity; hence these particles may lead the balance to osteoporosis. However, the relationship between OXIDIZED LDL and osteoporosis has not been investigated in human studies yet. The main aim of the current population-based cohort study was to investigate the correlation between serum levels of OXIDIZED LDL and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women.Materials and methods: A total of 378 healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in the port city of Bushehr, Iran. Serum levels of OXIDIZED LDL, MDA-oxidised LDL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), CrossLaps, and osteocalcin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine at baseline and at follow-up 5.8 years later.Results: Annual bone loss was 0.82 % at the femoral neck and 3.55% at the lumbar spine among the women. No significant correlation was found among circulating MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and biomarkers of bone metabolism (P>0.05). There was no correlation between MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and BMD at all anatomic sites (P>0.05). In logistic regression analysis, neither OXIDIZED LDL levels nor antibodies against OXIDIZED LDL predicted incident lumbar or spine osteoporosis 5.8 years later.Conclusion: Neither serum levels of MDA-OXIDIZED LDL nor antibodies against OXIDIZED LDL was associated with BMD at the lumbar or femoral neck area. Neither serum levels of OXIDIZED LDL levels nor circulating antibodies against OXIDIZED LDL predicted incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Background: Today, the prevalence of obesity is seen as a major social challenge, affecting the general health of societies, which creates irreversible psychological, social, and economic consequences. In this regard, exercise training is one of the most important interventions in preventing and controlling obesity and the associated metabolic factors, which can be an appropriate and low-cost option for promoting community health and to some extent, managing metabolic diseases. Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of eight weeks of aerobic exercises on the levels of OXIDIZED LDL cholesterol (Ox-LDL) and cardiovascular risk factors among obese and overweight females. Methods: This study was conducted in Gachsaran, Iran in 2018. Following a public call for inclusion as part of this quasiexperimental study, 22 obese women who met the inclusion criteria that was set for the study were chosen and were then divided into experimental (exercise training) (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The subjects in the experimental group ran for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 45 minutes at an intensity of 55% to 65% of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max). Independent and paired sample t-test were used to account for the variations. For statistical analysis SPSS-21 software was used, and the significance level was set to be less than P < 0. 05. Results: The findings indicated that the participants’ body mass indices in the experimental group significantly decreased (P < 0. 001). In addition, it was found that insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, glucose and lipoproteins (LDL-TC-TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly diminished (P < 0. 001), whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level went up (P < 0. 001) following the treatment. No significant changes in Ox-LDL were found after eight weeks of aerobic exercise training (P = 0. 07). Conclusions: It seems that eight weeks of exercise training with decreasing anthropometric indices, CRP levels, and insulin resistance, even without changing the levels of Ox-LDL, can prevent obesity and metabolic complications.

BACKGROUND: The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, measurement of plasma OXIDIZED LDL (OX-LDL) is essential for atherosclerotic diseases, for investigating its relevance to atherosclerotic diseases. We aimed to assess the OXIDIZED LDL in patients with coronary artery disease and correlation between serums OXIDIZED low density lipoprotein and in vitro susceptibility of LDL to oxidation.METHODS: Subjects of the study were selected from patients who undergone angiography (42 patients with coronary artery disease and 40 controls without any evidence of CAD). The susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation was assessed with the addition of a Cuso4 solution. The lag time, propagation rate and maximal diene calculated from the oxidation curve. Biochemical factors (FBS, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL) were measured in these subjects. SPSS version 15.5 was used to analyze the data, P- value under 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: The results indicated that the serum OX-LDL concentration was significantly elevatedin CAD patients and the lag time was significantly shorter than controls (P < 0.05). These results clearly confirm that LDL from persons with CAD is more susceptible to oxidative modification in vitro than LDL from healthy subjects. The other measured biochemical factors were not significantly different between CAD patients and controls (P > 0.05). Correlation between serum OX-LDL and susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation did not show significant association (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: our findings suggest that a high OX-LDL concentration and a short LDL oxidation lag time might be independent risk factors for CAD.